Business buzzwords

Some economists divide the Kondratiev ..... into two 'seasons', namely, the Kondratiev Fall and the later part, the Kondratiev Winter.

An ..... stock is one whose price suddenly plunges; the fall is usually caused by panicked shareholders rushing to sell after hearing unexpected bad news.

Your gut is screaming, "There is no way this company can hit those targets!", but your hope and the Mad ..... CEO's enthusiasm get the better of you - this scenario is repeated many times at under-performing companies; there can be too much over-optimism and not enough effort made at analyzing the facts and confronting reality.

Temporary ..... are the most effective way to reduce expense ratios because the payment reduction is concentrated in the early years of the loan: to cover the shortfall between the reduced payments made by the borrower and the regular payment received by the lender, cash is withdrawn from an escrow account.

In another move towards making itself a financial center, north China's port city of Tianjin has applied to the State Council to establish an ..... market rather than a third stock exchange for the Chinese mainland.

Futures traders frequently manipulated prices: from the end of the Civil War until 1879, ..... (control of enough of the available supply of a commodity to manipulate its price) allegedly occurred with varying success in wheat (1878/9), corn (1868), oats (1874), rye (1868) and pork (1868).

The Minister of Finance pays the Royal Canadian Mint to produce and distribute all coins; it costs the Mint about 12 cents to produce and distribute a dollar coin, which generates for the government approximately 88 cents in ..... on each $1 coin sold to financial institutions at face value.

For a company, being '.....' means that it is of high enough quality to have the respect of the financial district; although individuals are the ones who come to eventually own companies, a company must first impress the investment bankers and those on Wall Street to make it to the market.

War ..... is a slang term for the stocks and bonds of corporations in the defense industry.

On the NYSE and ASE, the specialist determines the ..... price by looking at his 'book'; he is supposed to select the one price that clears out the maximum number of orders; i.e. by looking at the buy and sell offers and choosing a single price that will execute the most orders (shares).